德州扑克新手指南：扑克起手牌与德扑位置详解

扑克手牌排名与位置策略

扑克游戏对扑克新手来说可能非常困难，尤其是在对付经验丰富的玩家时。经验丰富的玩家能轻易识别出谁是桌上最缺乏经验的人，并利用这一点来占据优势。

当然，熟悉规则远远不足以在现金游戏中具备竞争力。经验丰富的玩家会根据扑克新手（“鱼”）的游戏风格和他们常做的动作轻松识别出他们。

为了避免这种情况，我们为玩家介绍一些重要的技巧、统计数据、图表和计算策略，希望能够帮助扑克新手。

扑克起手牌排名图表

首先，扑克新手应该了解扑克手牌的排名，从最强到最弱。扑克新手不仅需要知道这些排名，还需要在短短一瞬间识别出获胜的手牌，这对缺乏经验的玩家来说并不容易。

因此，拥有一份手牌排名备忘单对于那些仍需时间来确定自己手牌强度的玩家来说非常有用。为了帮助理解，您可以参考以下的排名图表：

扑克手牌几率 / 牌型几率

那么，组成这些手牌或者是抽到它们的几率是多少呢？让我们来看一下 5 张牌和 7 张牌扑克游戏中的数据。

在 7 张牌的游戏中，组成这些手牌要容易得多。不过，仍然有一些手牌几乎永远都不会出现，您需要玩成千上万的手牌，才能看到皇家同花顺的出现。这个表格能让您了解哪些手牌在翻牌、转牌和河牌中值得等待，哪些手牌您不应该抱有太大希望。在 7 张牌的游戏中，一对，甚至两对的手牌不太可能获胜，尤其是在满桌上。

德州扑克位置

起始位置在扑克中极为重要。处于早期位置的玩家（即按照出牌顺序最先行动的玩家）通常处于劣势，而处于后期位置的玩家则拥有相对优势。

这是因为后期位置的玩家可以根据其他玩家的行为以及他们在不同阶段的下注情况，获得更多的信息。此外，后期位置的玩家还可以利用某些玩家可能会在自己行动前弃牌的事实，这样他们将面临更少的竞争，甚至可能没有任何竞争。这些因素会影响他们的决策，通常鼓励后期位置的玩家更多地参与手牌，并承担更大的风险。

6人桌位置

扑克位置解析：满桌

在 6-9 人的满桌游戏中，不同位置的术语可能有所不同，但通常使用以下名称来表示各个位置：

• UTG（Under The Gun）
• UTG + 1
• UTG + 2
• 中间位置 1（MP1）或 LoJack（LJ）
• 中间位置 2（MP2）或 Hijack（HJ）
• 中间位置 3（MP3）或 Cutoff（CO）
• 按钮位（BTN）
• 小盲注（SB）
• 大盲注（BB）

德州扑克起手牌图表

What you see in this table are all the possible combinations of hole cards in Texas hold ‘em poker in 6max games. Just to make it clear, “s” means that the two cards are suited, while “o” means that they’re off-suited.

This chart tells us which combinations of hole cards you should use to open-raise, and different colors denote different starting positions. Have in mind that a single field doesn’t represent a single combination of cards but a number of them. For instance, there are 4 different KQs combinations, although they all fall under a single field: K♥ Q♥, K♠ Q♠, K♣ Q♣, K♦ Q♦.

For the KQo field, there are even more potential hands – as many as 14. In total, there are 169 fields that represent 1326 unique combinations.

This chart entails that nobody has entered the pot before you, and all the white fields mean that you shouldn’t either. It’s usually better to fold in these situations. This amount of folding may surprise a novice player, but drawing a winning hand with any of these combos is very difficult.

We can also notice that early positions are supposed to raise tighter and be more careful. For instance, UTG should raise only with a very tight range of hands, while the player on the button has much more freedom to raise the bet. So BTN should raise with cards in purple fields, but also with those in green, red, and blue fields. SB has the widest range, which makes sense since SB has already put some money in the pot before that start and folding would mean he loses that money automatically.

Keep in mind that this chart can’t be applied to games with antes. If you play with antes, you’d need a new chart that will suggest raising with a wider range of pocket cards. This happens for the same reason that forces SB to play more aggressively pre-flop – it’s harder to give up on a hand in which you’ve already invested something.

Finally, this chart is in no way engraved in stone. It’s conditional and simply serves as a good starting point for players, especially if you have no additional info on other players. However, the way you play your opening hands should always depend on how aggressive other players at the table are as well as on your own style of play.

Opening hands in PLO

However, you also have to remember that different variants of poker will sometimes be wildly different when it comes to determining the best possible starting hands. We’ll take the example of PLO.

If you just tried to use the similar logic you would use in Texas hold ‘em, you wouldn’t be completely wrong. Some high pairs, when combined, do bring players a lot of equity. And that’s no surprise.

But notice how straight draws are also highly rated – much higher than in Texas hold’em. This also makes sense, as you have more opportunities to connect these hands with 4 hole cards, even though you can use only 2 of them. So a hand like 8, 9, 10, J is actually the 8^th strongest starting hand despite the fact that you need to draw 3 suitable cards in order to connect a straight.

This is the nature of PLO, since a lot of it comes down to your chances to have as many outs as possible post-flop. And with straight draws like 8, 9, 10, J, you’ll have so many opportunities on the flop. The number of possible straight outs after the flop can be much bigger than in Texas hold ‘em. The maximum straight draw in Texas has 8 outs, while PLO can have as much as 20. Straight draws that give a player more outs than any Texas hold ‘em hand (9 or more) are called “wraps”.

You can also see that the second best possible hand in PLO is not a pocket two pair. It’s rather A, A, J, 10. With A, A, J, 10 you have good chances to hit a high straight, plus you hold the pocket aces as a backup. Thus J, 10 is more valuable with these aces than a pair of queens, simply because you won’t be able to use both your pocket pairs at the end of the hand anyway. On the other hand, with A, A, J and 10 you can legitimately hope for two high pairs.

Pot odds and equity

The pot odds basically represent the reward to risk ratio post-flop, based on the size of your opponent’s bet and the size of the pot. What you need to spend in order to call is the risk, and the size of the pot is the potential reward.

So if for instance, you need to bet $50 to call, and the pot is worth $150 after that, this means that your pot odds are 3:1. You can use this formula:

risk/(risk/reward)

to turn that into percentages, which turns out to be 25% in this case.

Why are pot odds important?

Pot odds are very important if you’re calculating whether a bet is worth calling. The rule is quite easy – if you calculate your equity and it’s smaller than this percentage, you should generally fold. If your equity is larger than that, it is advised that you call.

The quickest way to get to a rough estimation of your equity is by counting the number of outs. For instance, if you have 8 outs on the flop, your equity is around 34%, but if you have 20 it goes up to 86%. After the turn, if you don’t connect the desired hand, your chances will naturally fall since there’s only 1 card left to be drawn. In this stage, every out you have will amount to around 2% of equity.

However, sometimes it’s not easy to calculate all that in your head in real-time, so here’s the chart that turns the number of your draws into an estimation of your equity. Remember, you should only call if your equity is higher than your pot odds.

If you manage to calculate the ratio of your equity and your pot odds right and play consistently over longer periods of time, you can expect these periods to be reasonably profitable. But you’ll also need to watch other players’ moves and try to figure out their hands in order to get a better estimation of your true equity.

For this purpose, you can use various software that will help you determine it. You just type in what you’re holding, your best estimates about what the others are holding (you can update this during the hand), as well as cards on the board. Once you do that, the software will give you the best possible evaluation of your current equity.

Most important metrics in poker

Speaking of software, don’t forget that there are fully legal pieces of software you can use to your advantage when playing online poker. Probably the most useful ones are those that can track and record moves by other players at the table to provide you with detailed insights about their playing style and routines.

In order to get a relevant sample, you’ll need to play a lot of hands against a particular player, but if you manage to do it, it’s worth it. You won’t (or at least shouldn’t) make all the same moves against a tight player as you’d do against aggressive ones, and determining how experienced a player at your table is can also be of vital importance.

Here are some of the key statistics you should pay attention to:

VPIP (voluntarily put money in the pot) – this number denotes the percentage of times a certain player decided to put his money in the pot, at any stage of the game. Or in other words, the percentage of hands that a player normally plays. This is generally a reliable way of telling how loose or tight this player is. Most moderate 6max Texas hold ‘em players will have a VPIP of 20-25%.

PFR (pre-flop raise percentage) – PFR shows how frequently a player chooses to raise pre-flop. This metric is best used in combination with VPIP. A big gap between the two indicates that a player often limps, which is almost always a sign of lack of experience. Only recreational players don’t understand the power that raising has over calling in poker. Try to exploit that.

3bet% – this stat shows the percentage of times a player chooses to re-raise before the flop. Experienced players will usually have 3bet% of around 5-10. Those who 3bet more often tend to be overly aggressive, and sometimes less seasoned. Also, they’re obviously inclined to re-raise using a very wide range or to bluff quite often, so you can use this info to your advantage. Or if your hand is too weak, you know you shouldn’t test their eagerness to re-raise and maybe it’s better to just fold.

Fold to 3bet – this one is even simpler: it’s a percentage of times a certain player has folded after a 3bet. Obviously, the higher this percentage is, the more often you should re-raise when playing against these players.

For anyone who’s still a beginner in the world of poker, we hope you got a better insight into how the game of poker works, thanks to this little collection of tips, tricks, and reminders. Keeping this cheat sheet by your side while playing online poker can help you react faster in the game and it can be something to build your further poker knowledge on.

Of course, it won’t be enough as you’ll need to study the game further and you’ll need a ton of experience to understand all the little details that make all the difference. The more you play, the less you will use the cheat sheet and it’ll gradually just become a part of your game.

To start building your experience, register on Coinpoker and start playing now!